They also have an increased risk of some other cancers, including papillary thyroid cancer. Higher rates of thyroid cancer occur among people with uncommon genetic conditions such as:ДЇamilial adenomatous polyposis (FAP): People with this syndrome develop many colon polyps and have a very high risk of colon cancer. Other thyroid cancers: People with certain inherited medical conditions have a higher risk of more common forms of thyroid cancer. Ask your doctor about having regular blood tests or ultrasound exams to look for problems and the possibility of genetic testing. If MEN 2a, MEN 2b, or isolated FMTC runs in your family, you may be at very high risk of developing MTC. MTC is most aggressive in the MEN 2b syndrome. In these inherited forms of MTC, the cancers often develop during childhood or early adulthood and can spread early. This subtype is much less common than MEN 2a.

In MEN 2b, MTC is associated with pheochromocytomas and with benign growths of nerve tissue on the tongue and elsewhere called neuromas.

In MEN 2a, MTC occurs along with pheochromocytomas (tumors that make adrenaline) and with parathyroid gland tumors.

There are 2 subtypes, MEN 2a and MEN 2b, both of which are caused by mutations (defects) in a gene called RET. The combination of FMTC and tumors of other endocrine glands is called multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (MEN 2). FMTC can occur alone, or it can be seen along with other tumors. These cases are known as familial medullary thyroid carcinoma (FMTC). Medullary thyroid cancer: About 2 out of 10 medullary thyroid carcinomas (MTCs) result from inheriting an abnormal gene. Still, most people who develop thyroid cancer do not have an inherited condition or a family history of the disease. Several inherited conditions have been linked to different types of thyroid cancer, as has family history.

Thyroid cancer can occur at any age, but the risk peaks earlier for women (who are most often in their 40s or 50s when diagnosed) than for men (who are usually in their 60s or 70s). Risk factors that canвЂ™t be changed Gender and ageДЇor unclear reasons thyroid cancers (like almost all diseases of the thyroid) occur about 3 times more often in women than in men. Scientists have found a few risk factors that make a person more likely to develop thyroid cancer.

Even if a person with thyroid cancer has a risk factor, it is very hard to know how much that risk factor may have contributed to the cancer. And many people who get the disease may have few or no known risk factors. Having a risk factor, or even several risk factors, does not mean that you will get the disease. Others, like a personвЂ™s age or family history, canвЂ™t be changed.Д«ut risk factors donвЂ™t tell us everything. Some risk factors, like smoking, can be changed. Different cancers have different risk factors. A risk factor is anything that increases a personвЂ™s chance of getting a disease such as cancer.

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